武庫川女子大学建築学科・大学院建築学専攻/2013年度トルコ・バフチェシヒル大学における海外実習/2013年10月1日(火）～10月17日(木）

　International Exchange with Bahcesehir University in Turkey　　

Architecture Major (Master's Program)　
Inter Cultural Studies of Architecture (ICSA) in Istanbul
2013

Tuesday, October 1~Thursday, October 17

　On April 26, 2013, the Architecture Major (Master’s Program) and the Department of Architecture of MWU was certified by JABEE as an authorized Architectural Education Program for the first time in Japan. As a result our 6-year Master’s Program of Architecture Major, Department of Architecture was formally certificated as a program that corresponds to the international standard for education, UNESCO-UIA Charter for Architectural Education. Our program aims to nurture perceptive architects with insights into the life and culture both of their own society and of the world, thus able to work internationally.
　　As part of such education, we started overseas practical training program in FY2010 under the general exchange agreement signed in December 2008 between Bahcesehir University (BAU), Turkey, and MWU. Graduate school students (architecture major, in the Master’s program) led by faculty members visited BAU for two weeks to experience conservation-related practical training as coursework. This year a similar course was given to fourteen master program students in the first grade from October 1(Tue) to 17(Thu), 2013 as part of the curriculum ‘Building Preservation Restoration Internship Course’ and ‘Practice in Architectural Design I’.

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◆Schedule

Tuesday, October 1		Departure from Kansai International Airport
Wednesday, October 2		Arrival at Istanbul Ataturk Airport
		Visit to Bahcesehir University
Thursday, October 3		Visit to Bursa
Friday, October 4		Iznik tile manufacturing experience and visit to the historic wooden house
Saturday, October 5		Istanbul: Visit to Ayasofya, Topcapi Palace and Sultanahmet Camii
Sunday, October 6		Visit to Edirne
Monday, October 7		Practical training of restoration work at Dolmabahce Palace
Tuesday, October 8		Practical training of restoration work at Yildiz Palace and visit to Dolmabahce Palace
Wednesday, October 9		Practical training of restoration work at KUDEB
Thursday, October 10		Istanbul: Visit to Uskudar and Besiktas
Friday, October 11		Cultural property conservation training in Uskudar
Saturday, October 12		Visit to a large-scaled wooden structure in Buyukada
Sunday, October 13		Istanbul: Visit to Eyup, Eminonu and Galata
Monday, October 14		Istanbul: Visit to Chora Church, Grand Bazaar etc.
Tuesday, October 15		Istanbul: Visit to Rumelihisari and other places
Wednesday, October 16		Istanbul: Visit to Istanbul Archaeological Museums and other places
		Departure from Istanbul Ataturk Airport for Japan
Thursday, October 17		Arrival at Kansai International Airport

October 16, 2013
Istanbul: Visit to Istanbul Archaeological Museums and other places

Visit to Archaeological Museum

You can observe exhibits from precious collection related to Turkey commencing with the articles of Greek and Roman periods.

Visit to Tiled Kiosk Museum located in the same compound as Archaeological Museum.

Visit to Tiled Kiosk Museum: the building was once sultan’s summer house.

Students as chatting with a Turkish student

To Kiz Kulesi (The Maiden’s Tower), a fortress at the mouse of Bosphorus Strait, by ferry

Kiz Kulesi (The Maiden's Tower): the building was refurbished in 1999. We had lunch at this restaurant.

Old city as viewed from Kiz Kulesi

Visit to Camlica Hill, the highest point in Istanbul. You can view not only new city and old city but also Buyukada on Marmara Sea.

View of Istanbul as seen from Camlica Hill.

Today, we continued the tour of Istanbul. In the morning, we went to Istanbul Archaeological Museums, and visited Archeological Museum, which exhibits important collection of Turkish relics commencing with that of the Greek and Roman periods. We also visited Tiled Kiosk Museum converted from once sultan’s summer house to see the splendid tiles. In the afternoon, we took a ferry to cross the Bosphorus to go to the fortress, Kiz Kulesi(The Maiden’s Tower) at the mouth of the strait to have lunch at a restaurant refurbished in 1999. In the evening, we climbed Camlica Hill to the highest point in Istanbul where we could see the vast view of the city of Istanbul and the sea and islands below. Then we moved to Istanbul Ataturk International Airport to leave for home. It has been a fulfilling study tour to get a glimpse of the profound Turkish history and culture.

October 15, 2013
Istanbul: Visit to Rumelihisari and other places

Visit to Rumelihisari

Distant view of Anadoluhisari situated on the opposite shore of the Bosphorus Strait

We went further up the flight of stone steps

Commemorative photograph at the top: a magnificent view of the Bosphorus Strait is seen below

Visit to a modern architecture, Zorlu Center

Visit to a modern architecture, Kanyon Shopping Mall

Visit to Ertugrul Tekke Camii: unlike the Camii we have seen so far, it is a palace-like appearance. It was completed in 1888. The Camii has a function of an assembly hall. Hence the palace-like structure.

Interior of Ertugrul Tekke Camii

Students as sketching Ertugrul Tekke Camii

Today, we continued the tour in Istanbul. To begin with we visited Rumelihisari, a fortress which is said to have been constructed in four months in 1453 prior to the battle against the Constantinople force. At present, concerts are held occasionally. We went up flight of stone steps to see a spectacular view of the Bosphorus Strait. Then we observed modern Turkish architecture, Zorlu Center, a complex facility which has been just completed last week. We also visited Kanyon Shopping Mall designed with an image of canyon in mind. We returned to Besiktas to complete the day’s tour to see and make sketches of Ertugrul Tekke Camii, a palace-like Camii completed in 1888.

October 14, 2013
Istanbul: Visit to Chora Church, Grand Bazaar etc.

Visit to Chora Church

Interior of Chora Church

Students as observing a fortress called Yedikule (seven towers) located to the south of Theodosian Walls.

Students as going up the flight of stairs of Yedikule.

Commemorative picture on the fortress against the backdrop of vast view of the Sea of Marmara

Visit to Basilica Cistern

Students as sketching Ayasofya in the square at Sultanahmet

A sketch of Ayasofya by a student

Visit to Grand Bazaar

Commemorative picture with Turkish students who have participated in ‘ICSA in JAPAN 2013’

Today, we mainly observed the remains of Byzantine Empire in Istanbul, such as Chora Church known for its masterpiece Byzantine art i.e. mosaic and fresco paintings, the fortress called Yedikule (literally, seven towers) located to the south of the Theodosian Walls, Basilica Cistern, which is the underground reservoir of Roman Empire, and Grand Bazaar with 4,000 outlets crowding together. We sketched Ayasofya and Sultanahmet Camii in the square at Sultanahmet. Turkish students who had participated in ‘ICSA in JAPAN 2013’ joined us and we exchanged each other.

October 13, 2013
Istanbul: Visit to Eyup, Eminonu and Galata

Sight of Topcapi Palace and Ayasofya (Hagia Sophia) viewed from Karakoy (Galata) district: we took a ferry for Eyup situated deep in the Golden Horn.

On board the ferry for Eyup: town of Istanbul is seen across the sea of Golden Horn.

Visit to the Islamic sacred ground Eyup Sultan Camii.

Students as making sketches of Eyup Sultan Camii

A sketch of Eyup Sultan Camii by a student

Istanbul viewed from the observation deck at Pierre Loti

Lunch at Pierre Loti

Rustempasa Camii

Interior of Rustempasa Camii: look at the exquisite Izunik tiles!

Yeni Camii

Interior of Yeni Camii

We took the Tunel, a short 573m-long subway, on the way to Galata Tower

Students as making sketches of Galata Tower

Istanbul as seen atop the Galata Tower

The sight of setting sun viewed from Galata Tower

Observing Istiklal Avenue, one of the Istanbul’s downtowns

Today we visited Eyup, Eminonu and Galata in Istanbul. In Eyup, we first visited Eyup Sultan Camii, the sacred ground of Muslim and made sketches of it. Then we took the ropeway to go to Pierre Loti, a noted viewing point of the glorious view of Golden Horn. In Eminonu, we visited Rustempasa Camii adorned with beautiful Izunik tiles and Yeni Camii at the foot of Galata Bridge. On the way from Yeni Camii to Galata Tower we took a ride on the Tunel (‘tunnel’in English), a short subway line which runs 573 m’s distance. After making sketches of Galata Tower we climbed atop and fully enjoyed 360°view of Istanbul. Finally, we visited one of Istanbul’s downtown, Istiklal Avenue. It has been a day we could see various aspects of Istanbul.

October 12, 2013
Visit to a large-scaled wooden structure in Buyukada (literally, ‘big island’)

We have just arrived at Buyukada: it is the largest of the Prince Islands on the Sea of Marmara.

Cars are banned in Buyukada. We moved in a carriage.

After taking carriage, we went up the mountain road through the pine woods for a while. The Greek Orphanage stands on the mountain top.

The Greek Orphanage

Student as sketching the Greek Orphanage

A sketch of the Greek Orphanage by a student

The sight of Buyukada: the Sea of Marmara and mainland Turkey is seen.

Students as returning to the port observing the streets of Buyukada

Turkish ice shavings Dondurma: we tried it.

We had supper at a lokanta in Besiktas

Today we visited the Greek Orphanage, a large-scaled wooden structure in Buyukada. Buyukada is the largest of the Prince Islands. Cars are banned in principle in the island and transportation has to be made on foot or bicycle and horse-drawn carriage.
One reaches the Greek Orphanage taking a carriage from the port and then going up the mountain road in the pine wood for a while.
The building, which was built in 1898, is said to be the world’s largest wooden structure next to Todai-ji. It is a 5-story structure occupying a space of 20,000 m2. Though it was designed to be a hotel, it had never been used as a hotel, but as an orphanage. It is vacant and abandoned today.
It has been argued for years whether to be restored or not. Typical designs with traditional Turkish houses which we have learned so far are being applied in very part of the building. Everyone made a sketch of them identifying characteristics of each object.

October 11, 2013
Cultural property conservation training in Uskudar

On board the ferry heading for Uskudar on the Asian side

Visit to a congregational facility in Uskudar reconstructed based on the drawings from about 100 years ago.

Visit to a congregational facility in Uskudar reconstructed based on the drawings from about 100 years ago: the drawing of the religious facility from Ottoman Empire was used, and, the hall’s interior looks like a Camii.

Visit to the conservation site of the school of Ottoman Empire for foreign students: The structure was reconstructed based on the drawings of the Ottoman Empire days except the original ancient outer wall that faces the street.

The site as viewed from the courtyard. The church and the primary school on the right are also under restoration work.

Visit to the site of Burhan Felek residence as a case example of restoration: the original structure was designed by the same designer that built Dolmabahce Palace. The first floor is stone-built and the 2nd-4th floor is of wood.

A space between the rooms called ‘sofa’, a traditional style of Turkish residence: on the ceiling original paintings partially remain.

Visit to Adile Sultan Pavilion as a case example of restoration work: the building is in the forest like this. Forest is said to create an image of being away from Istanbul.

Visit to Adile Sultan Pavilion as a case example of restoration work: originally built as a detached palace and had been used as a school for a long period. Restoration was completed 2 years ago.

Outer structure is still undergoing restoration today.

Original paintings partially remain on the ceiling

Visit to a woodworking atelier in Uskudar

Visit to a woodworking atelier in Uskudar: Students as listening to an explanation of the traditional designs of Turkish wooden house.

Bosphorus Strait Tour

The strait against the sky with the splendor of the setting sun

Today we had a conservation training course in Uskudar, a district on the Asian side noted for its numbers of ancient structures. With the help of the Uskudar ward office we observed many objects including congregation-related facilities reconstructed based on the original drawings of religious buildings from about 100 years ago, the conservation site of the school of Ottoman Empire days for foreign students, and another conservation work at Burhan Felek residence built by the same architect that built Dolmabahce Palace, as well as the site of Adile Sultan Pavilion. We ended with a visit to the atelier in Uskudar. After the course we made a Bosphorus Strait tour.

October 10, 2013
Istanbul: Visit to Uskudar and Besiktas

On board the ferry heading for the Asian side, Uskudar

Visit to Yeni Valide Camii, Uskudar

Students as sketching Yeni Valide Camii, Uskudar

Semsi Pasa Camii in Uskudar, one of the Mimar Sinan’s works

Semsi Pasa Camii in Uskudar

A sight of new district across Bosphorus viewed from Uskudar: high-rise buildings mostly built in the last decade spoil the scenery.

Palace Collections Museum in Dolmabahce Palace

Palace Collections Museum in Dolmabahce Palace: one-time palace’s kitchen was converted into the exhibition hall

Remains of furnaces in the original condition are seen underfoot through the glazed floor

Visit to Sinan Pasa Camii in Besiktas

A sketch of Sinan Pasa Camii by a student

We sketched the evening scene of the Bosphorus Strait.

A sketch of the Bosphorus Strait by a student

Today we visited Uskudar and Besiktas in Istanbul to see Camii and other places. In Uskudar on the Asian side we observed Yeni Valide Camii (literally, new mother’s Camii) built for a sultan’s mother and Semsi Pasa Camii, one of the Mimar Sinan’s works. In Besiktas on the European side, we visited Palace Collections Museum, which houses daily living utensils used in the Dolmabahce Palace and Sinan Pasa Camii, another work of Mimar Sinan. In the evening we sketched the Bosphorus against the backdrop of the setting sun on the rooftop of the Bahcesehir University.

October 9, 2013
Practical training of restoration work at KUDEB

Office of a municipal organization of Istanbul, KUDEB, which specializes mainly in the restoration of wooden structure

Activities of KUDEB being explained

Visit to the bottega at KUDEB: students as fabricating a part of the door (replica) from Suleymaniye Camii

Visit to the bottega at KUDEB: students as listening to an explanation of a framing model of an existing structure which has actually been restored by KUDEB

Visit to the bottega at KUDEB: restoration of the door from a 130 years old house once existed in the Zeyrek district being explained

The building that houses KUDEB offie was a residence of a naval officer in power back in 1850s. Its restoration is going on while they are using it as their office. (Photo: students at the restoration site.)

Visit to the wooden house in the Suleymaniye district that KUDEB has restored

Commemorational photograph with staffs of KUDEB

Suleymaniye Camii

Students as sketching Suleymaniye Camii

Suleymaniye Camii

In front of Mimar Sinan’s tomb at the side of Suleymaniye Camii

At the restaurant in Bahcesehir University: dinner with Dean Sema of Faculty of Architecture and Design.

After dinner: a speech of thank for the occasion

Today we had a training course at a municipal organization of Istanbul, KUDEB, which specializes mainly in the restoration of wooden architecture. After hearing the outline of KUDEB we went to the bottega to see a replica of the door from Suleymaniye Camii, a framing model of an existing construction which has actually undergone restoration, and a restoration work of the door from a 130 years old house once stood in the Zeyrek district. Then we observed the office building of KUDEB, which is an example of restoration itself. It was a residence of a naval officer in power back in 1850s, which KUDEB is restoring taking time while using it as their office. We concluded the course at KUDEB with a visit to a wooden house in Suleymaniye district, which KUDEB has restored. Leaving KUDEB we visited Suleymaniye Camii to make sketches of it. For the dinner we were invited by Dean Sema of Faculty of Architecture and Design.

October 8, 2013
Practical training of restoration work at Yildiz Palace and visit to Dolmabahce Palace

Bottega at Yildiz Palace

Shell work studio: Shells are shown. They used to use sea shells from Egypt or Syria in the Ottoman Empire days.

Upholstery fabric studio: a staff is showing repaired part on the backside of the seat.

Furniture finishing studio: students as listening to the explanation of finishing material (a type of lacquer)

Wood work studio; restoration of the table from Istanbul University being explained

Wood work studio: Wood is processed spinning the material at a high speed using machine. We asked the staff to make a pattern sample of the handle of the file for us.

Wood work studio: the pattern sample of the handle made for us

Furniture ornament studio: processed wood from the wood work studio is decorated here.

Textile studio: students as listening to an explanation of the restoration work of the drape from Dolmabahce Palace

Fixture studio: students as listening to an explanation of the restoration work of the window sash from Dolmabahce Palace

Parquet flooring studio: students as listening to an explanation of the parquetry processing

Metal work studio: lamps, drains, window sash etc. are restored here.

Metal work studio: tools for the ongoing restoration work are all fabricated in this studio.

Visit to Dolmabahce Palace: we could summarize what we have learned during the past two days reconfirming the results of restoration observing the actual conditions of furniture and fixtures which had been repaired at the studios.

Newly constructed port of Bahcesehir University: a break at a cafe´ in the harbor. Ferries to connect the campuses of the university sail into port here.

The rooftop terrace of Bahcesehir University: view of the Bosphorus Strait in sunset color

Students as exchanging with a Turkish student

Today we had a restoration practice at the bottega in Yildiz Palace. Alike the one at the Dolmabahce Palace where we practiced yesterday, it is a national bottega which is engaged in the restoration of Dolmabahce and the other national palaces across the country. We could visit studios of shell work, upholstery fabric, furniture finishing, wood working, furniture ornament, textile, fixtures, parquet flooring material, and metal work. Then we observed the Dolmabahce Palace and summarized what we have learned during the two days’ experience in restoration and repair works observing the furniture and fixtures placed in the palace and confirmed how they had been restored at the bottega. Finally we went to the Bahcesehir University, where we could enjoy the view of beautiful Bosphorus Strait at sunset.

October 7, 2013
Practical training of restoration work at Dolmabahce Palace

Studio of metal ornament: the article on the working table is from 150 years ago.

Visit to metal ornament studio: commemorative photograph with the staff

Lamp studio: It takes 6 months to clean up all the lamps in the palace.

Stucco studio: the plate to be used as quasi marble slate

Visiting the restoration site of the building for crown prince

Lunch at a restaurant facing the Bosphorus: on the extreme right old city with Ayasofya and Topcapi Palace is seen far away. On the left lies the Asian side.

Dolmabahce Palace

Gilding studio: explanation of tools.

Gilding studio: a demonstration of putting a piece of gold leaf over the frame

Lead work studio: the process of making roofing material being explained using a video program

Book repair studio: explanation of ornamental technique of the cover

Studio of porcelain stove

Students saying thanks and handing a token to the staffs of Dolmabahce Palace

Students have acquainted with the driver (center).

Today we had a restoration practice at Dolmabahce Palace. The palace was completed in 1856 and it is now used as the state guest house. Palace’s bottega is engaged in the restoration not only of the Dolmabahce Palace but also of the whole national palaces in Turkey. We could visit many different studios for specialized works such as metal ornament, lamps, stucco, gilding, picture restoration, lead work, book repair and ceramic stove. We were allowed to observe the restoration work at the building for crown prince on the Palace’s compound. At the site of ceiling restoration we were specially allowed to have a close look at the repair work on the temporary scaffold.

October 6, 2013
Visit to Edirne

Selimiye Camii

Students as sketching Selimiye Camii

Selimiye Camii

Sketch of Selimiye Camii

Eski Camii

Interior of Eski Camii: atop each set of four pillars makes a small dome. Plural domes fill the interior space of the Camii juxtaposed to each other. On the pillars letters from Quran are inscribed.

Eski Camii: Students listening to Professor Murat’s explication

Bayezid II Kulliyesi Health Museum: the interior of psychopathic ward

Students listening to the curator’s explanation of once-existed Edirne Palace

Students as watching an introductory video program of Bayezid II Kulliyesi Health Museum

The courtyard of Bayezid II Kulliyesi Health Museum

Today we visited Edirne situated close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. The town was once called Hadrianopolis (Adrianople) and was the capital of Ottoman Empire for a period of time. After Istanbul became the capital Edirne played an important role as the second capital. We observed Selimiye Camii, which is said to be the magnum opus of the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan, Eski Camii, which is the oldest of the existing Camii in Edirne as well as the Ottoman kulliye and hospital built by Bayezid II (Bayezid II Kulliyesi Health Museum) with its characteristic space for music therapy and a well-known model case of restoration.

October 5, 2013
Istanbul: Visit to Ayasofya, Topcapi Palace and Sultanahmet Camii

Ayasofya

Student made sketches of Ayasofya

Lunch time: students having well-known Sultanahmet Kofte

Visit to Topcapi Palace

Professor Murat as explaining before a panorama of Topcapi Palace in the entrance hall

In the harem

The interior is beautifully adorned with Iznik tiles

Commemorative photograph before a backdrop of Bosphorus

Sultanahmet Camii

Sultanahmet Camii: women have to wear scarfs

Sultanahmet Camii

Today we visited Ayasofya, Topcapi Palace and Sultanahmet Camii with the guidance and explication by Professor Murat. We made sketches of them. We learned about ayasofya, the magnum opus of Byzantine architecture which has a huge dome of 31 meter in diameter, Topcapi palace, where sultans of the Ottoman Empire lived, the harem of the Topcapi palace with beautiful Iznik tile and Sultanahmet Camii called the blue mosque. As we had experienced drawing patterns on the tile in Iznik yesterday, we were especially impressed to see the Iznik tiles at the harem. It has been a day to appreciate the magnificent legacy that Istanbul has.

October 4, 2013
Iznik tile manufacturing experience and visit to the historic wooden house


The hotel where we stayed in Iznik		The hotel where we stayed in Iznik

Breakfast at the hotel

Visit to the fabricant Ms. Mesude’s atelier (a purple building) in Iznik

Students as listening to Ms. Mesude’s explanation of Iznik tile

Process of making Iznik tile being explained with demonstrations Photo: molding of raw material

We were allowed to touch and feel the raw material

Demonstration of drawing: under glaze pattern is transcribed to the molded raw tile using charcoal

We tried drawing the patterns on Iznik tile ourselves. The brush handling turned out to be very difficult.

We were very much helped by the staff.

All the decorated raw Iznik tiles we have made are going to be baked after this. We can hardly wait for the finished tile.

Commemorative photograph with Ms. Mesude and the staff

Students expressed thanks to Ms. Mesude in Turkish

Visit to the historic wooden house in Soloz

Students as having bird’s eye view of Soloz atop the hill

Today we practiced at the atelier of a tile fabricant Ms. Mesude. First of all we had a lecture on the history of Iznik tile from Byzantine to Seljuk and Ottoman Empires and the characteristics of the tiles in each period. She explained the process of tile making and properties of Iznik tile giving demonstrations. Then at the work table everyone experienced decoration of 12-cm square tile with the help of four staffs of the atelier.
On the way from Iznik to Istanbul, we observed a historic wooden house in a town called Soloz. This architecture is said to be at least 150 years old. It is basically of timber framework. The wall is composed of masonry construction at the lower part and brickwork at the upper part. It has a typical composition of traditional Turkish house, which we have also seen in Cumalikizik. But a large scaled 4-story structure like this is very rare. After observing the structure, we had a bird’s eye view of Soloz village atop the hill.

October 3, 2013
Visit to Bursa


Breakfast at the hotel in Istanbul		On board the ferry bound for Bursa

Cumalikizik

Cumalikizik: students as listening to an explanation of Cumba, a jutted structure on the second floor

Bursa: students as sketching a Camii in the courtyard of one-time caravansary Koza Han

Students as listening to Professor Murat’s explanation at Ulu Camii

Students as sketching at Ulu Camii

Yesil Turbe

Yesil Camii

Yesil Camii, whose restoration work has just completed after 3 years

Supper at the well known Kofte shop in Iznik

Today we visited Bursa, the first capital of the Ottoman Empire. To begin with, we observed traditional colony called Cumalikizik, which has 700 years’ history. The colony has come to attract attentions in the past decade, and today, we see active preservation and restoration work of the buildings. After strolling along the lanes of labyrinth we had lunch on a semi-indoor/outdoor terrace space. Then we moved to the central area of Bursa to see such places as a caravansary called Koza Han, Ulu Camii, which means ‘big Camii’, Yesil Turbe (literally, ‘green tomb’), where Mehmed I sleeps, and Yesil Camii, or ‘green Camii’.

October 1-2, 2013
Visit to Bahcesehir University


We have just arrived at the Istanbul Ataturk International Airport		On board the bus arranged by the university

Main entrance of the university

Tour of the campus: Faculty of Architecture and Design

Courtesy visit to Dean Sema of Faculty of Architecture and Design

Commemorational photograph with Dean Sema

Presentation of a token to Dean Sema

Courtesy visit to President Senay: a student as asking a question of the president

Presentation of a token to the president

Commemorative photograph with President Senay

Leaving Kansai International Airport in the night on October 1, we arrived at the Istanbul Ataturk International Airport early in the morning on October 2. Associate Dean of the faculty of architectural design Murat was at the airport to meet us. We were taken to the hotel in the school bus. After resting for a while we visited Bahcesehir University. Associate Dean Murat and assistant Sinem took us around the campus before we paid courtesy visits to Dean Sema and President Senay. Although it was a very cold day with untimely rainy weather, we could appreciate best part of international exchange thanks to warm welcome by the people of Bahcesehir University.

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